Tolerance of Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism in a Plural Society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30762/didaktika.v11i2.3371Keywords:
Plurality, Religious Cultures, ToleranceAbstract
This study is to determine and identify the implementation of the concept of understanding tolerance in the plurality of people of Kedungrejo Village, Rowokangkung District, Lumajang Regency. The village community is a society with a very high level of plurality; various religious cultures and feelings exist in the village. However, harmony and mutual respect are evident in everyday life. Differences are not a reason for the village community to be hostile to each other, but differences are considered wealth to be grateful for. So, in some ways, the village community carries out activities and life together regardless of the differences that exist. The approach used in this study is qualitative. The paradigm is phenomenological or interpretive. A qualitative approach is a paradigm of Natural Research, which is to find a theory by pulling it from the beginning of nature, that is, from data that comes from the real world. The researchers took the research location in Kedungrejo Village, Rowokangkung district, Lumajang Regency. The results of this study show that all religions tend to have claims of absolutism, whether Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, or Judaism. Claims of monotheism that are particularist-subjective will impact inter-religious conflict, and the competition will be heightened if several strong and particularistic religious organizations coexist.
Downloads
References
Abdalla, Ulil Abshar. “Ulama Dan Perubahan Sosial: Melawan Atau Berdamai Dengan ‘Zaman Baru’?” Tashwirul Afkar 41, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 163–212. https://doi.org/10.51716/ta.v41i2.77.
Abed-Kotob, Sana. “The Accommodationists Speak:Goals and Strategies of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 3 (August 1995): 321–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800062115.
Afandi, Anang Lukman. “State and Religious Pluralism (Study of Hasyim Muzadi’s Thoughts on Religious Pluralism in Indonesia after the New Order).” The International Journal of Politics and Sociology Research 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 19–25.
Ali, A. Mukti. Ilmu Perbandingan Agama Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Mizan, 1998.
Azhari, Kautsar. Eksklusivisme Dalam Agama Yahudi. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2004. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/18781.
Azra, A. Konteks Berteologi Di Indonesia: Pengalaman Islam. Jakarta: Paramadina, 1999.
Basyir, Kunawi. “The Religious Pluralism Movement in Indonesia.” In Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series IIIA, East Asian Philosophical Studies, 39:183–96. Washington, D.C.: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2022. http://repository.uinsa.ac.id/id/eprint/2676/.
Coward, Harold G. Pluralism in the World Religions: A Short Introduction. Oneworld Publications, 2000.
Dzakie, Fatonah. “Meluruskan Pemahaman Pluralisme Dan Pluralisme Agama Di Indonesia.” Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama 9, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 79–94. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsla.v9i1.1408.
Fay, Brian. Contemporary Philosophy of Social Science: A Multicultural Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.
Flambonita, Suci, Vera Novianti, Artha Febriansyah, and Wahyu Ernaningsih. “The Paradigm of Pluralism in Indonesia: Communal VS Legal State.” Technium Social Sciences Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 259–65. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v15i1.2245.
Hanafi, Hassan. “Cultures in Conflicts or Dialogue? Alternative Model.” In Towards the Dignity of Difference?, edited by Mojtaba Mahdavi and W. Andy Knight. London: Routledge, 2012.
Hick, John. “Religious Pluralism.” In Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion, edited by Chad Meister and Paul Copan. London: Routledge, 2008.
Horton, P. B., and C. L. Hunt. Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1964.
Isaacs, Harold R. “Group Identity and Political Change: The Role of Color and Physical Characteristics.” Daedalus 96, no. 2 (1967): 353–75.
Jufri, Andi. “Islam dan Pluralitas Agama (Studi Analisis tentang Model Pendekatan dalam Dialog Antar Umat Beragama di Indonesia).” Jurnal Ilmiah AL-Jauhari: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Interdisipliner 4, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 428–51. https://doi.org/10.30603/jiaj.v4i2.959.
Kim, Sung Min, J. B. Banawiratma, and Dicky Sofjan. “Religious Pluralism Discourse in Public Sphere of Indonesia: A Critical Application of Communicative Action Theory to Inter-Religious Dialogue.” Religió Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 158–88. https://doi.org/10.15642/religio.v10i2.1307.
Küng, Hans. “Religion, Violence and ‘Holy Wars.’” International Review of the Red Cross 87, no. 858 (June 2005): 253–68. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383100181329.
Lester, Jessica Nina, Yonjoo Cho, and Chad R. Lochmiller. “Learning to Do Qualitative Data Analysis: A Starting Point.” Human Resource Development Review 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320903890.
Lubbe, Gerrie. “The Study of Religion and Inter-Faith Dialogue.” Religion in Southern Africa 7, no. 2 (1986): 27–37.
Madjid, Nurcholish. “Beberapa Renungan Tentang Kehidupan Keagamaan Untuk Generasi Mendatang.” Dalam Jurnal Ulumul Qur’an 4, no. 1 (1993).
Mahzar, Armahedi. Revolusi Integralisme Islam, Merumuskan Paradigma Sains Dan Teknologi. Jakarta: Mizan, 2004.
Matta, Corrado. “Philosophical Paradigms in Qualitative Research Methods Education: What Is Their Pedagogical Role?” Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 66, no. 6 (September 19, 2022): 1049–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2021.1958372.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. “The Significance of Comparative Philosophy for the Study of Islamic Philosophy.” Studies in Comparative Religion 7, no. 4 (1973).
Nugroho, Muhammad Ikhza Helmy, and Sugeng Bayu Wahyono. “Correlation Between The Attitude Of Religious Tolerance Educators With Religious Intolerance Of Learners.” AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 653–64. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i1.2350.
Nurman, Yusriadi Yusriadi, and Sufian Hamim. “Development of Pluralism Education in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study.” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 9, no. 3 (2022): 106–20.
Rabi, Ibrahim Abu. “Christian-Muslim Relations in Indonesia: Five Challenges of the Twenty-First Century.” Studia Islamika 5, no. 1 (1998). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v5i1.758.
Roux, Cornelia. “Religious and Human Rights Literacy as Prerequisite for Interreligious Education.” In International Handbook of Inter-Religious Education, edited by Kath Engebretson, Marian de Souza, Gloria Durka, and Liam Gearon, 991–1015. International Handbooks of Religion and Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9260-2_59.
Ruhulessin, John Christian. “Paradigma Etika Publik Dalam Kearifan Lokal Pela.” Jurnal Filsafat 29, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 183–205. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.36344.
Schuon, Frithjof. The Transcendent Unity of Religions. Quest Books, 1984. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/261030.The_Transcendent_Unity_of_Religions.
Schütz, Bernhard. “Creating a Pluralist Paradigm: An Application to the Minimum Wage Debate.” Journal of Economic Issues 55, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 103–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2021.1874786.
Shihab, Alwi. “Christian—Muslim Relations into the Twenty-First Century.” In Islam and Other Religions. London: Routledge, 2006.
Shihab, M. Quraish. SUNNAH-SYIAH Bergandengan Tangan? Mungkinkah! Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2022.
Simon, Benjamin. “Interreligious Dialogue and Convergent Hermeneutics.” The Ecumenical Review 73, no. 5 (2021): 879–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/erev.12667.
Soroush, Abdulkarim. The Expansion of Prophetic Experience: Essays on Historicity, Contingency and Plurality in Religion. BRILL, 2008.
Stark, Rodney. For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-Hunts, and the End of Slavery. Princeton University Press, 2004.
Stenger, Mary Ann. “Mediating Relativism and Absolutism in Tillich’s and Hick’s Theories of Religious Truth.” In Religious Pluralism and the Modern World: An Ongoing Engagement with John Hick, edited by Sharada Sugirtharajah, 164–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230360136_13.
Sugiharto, Bambang. “Iman Tanpa Nalar, Bunuh Diri Nalar Tanpa Iman, Delusi.” Arete: Jurnal Filsafat 1, no. 2 (March 11, 2013). https://doi.org/10.33508/arete.v1i2.171.
Sutrisno, Mudji. Dialog Kritis Dan Identitas Agama. Jakarta: Mizan, 1994.
Tanja, Victor Immanuel. Pluralisme Agama Dan Problema Sosial: Diskursus Teologi Tentang Isu-Isu Kontemporer. Translated by M Solihat. Pustaka Cidesindo, 1997.
Tasmuji, Tasmuji. “Teologi Transformatif Jaringan Islam Liberal.” Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf Dan Pemikiran Islam 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 251–69. https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2011.1.2.251-269.
Webel, Charles, and Johan Galtung. Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2007.
Zebiri, Kate. Muslims and Christians Face to Face. Simon and Schuster, 2014.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Subakri Subakri, Saihan Saihan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
